Hypertext markup language
Institute for Environmental and Spatial Analysis...University of North Georgia
Contents
1 What is the hypertext markup language (HTML)?
A markup language consists of the document content and its instructional elements that are typically not displayed to the end user.
HTML is the standard markup language for documents rendered in a web browser.
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and client-side scripting languages such as JavaScript can be used together with HTML to create web documents.
It was first proposed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989.
It was influenced by a more extensible difficult-to-learn markup language called the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML).
2 History
| Version | Date | Description |
|---|---|---|
| HTML 2 | November 24, 1995 | First HTML specification intended to be a standard by the HTML Working Group |
| HTML 3 | January 14, 1997 | Standardized by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C); a markup for mathematical formulas was dropped in HTML 3.2 |
| HTML 4 | December 18, 1997 | Published by the W3C; offers three document type definitions including
|
| HTML 5 | October 28, 2014 | Published by the W3C; enriches and promotes semantic elements over non-semantic ones |
3 Web technologies
- HTML for structure
- CSS for style
- JavaScript for behavior
4 Basic structure
<!DOCTYPE html><!-- declare the HTML document type -->
<html lang="en"><!-- specify a document language -->
<head><!-- metadata (data about data) goes here -->
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head><!-- most HTML tags must be closed by their closing tag -->
<body><!-- main document data goes here -->
<h1>My First HTML</h1>
Hello
World! <!-- HTML treats multiple whitespace characters
(space, tab, and newline) as one space except
inside a preformatted text element using <pre> -->
<pre>
Hello
World!
</pre>
</body>
</html>